In Q4 fiscal 2024 (ending October 2024), Deere reported $15.4 billion in equipment sales and $2.4 billion in operating profit, with production & precision agriculture segment margins exceeding 20%. John May's strategy is clear: transition John Deere from selling iron (tractors, combines) to selling technology-enabled outcomes (yield optimization, autonomous operations). The company now offers See & Spray (computer vision that sprays weeds selectively, reducing chemical costs 77%), ExactShot (planter that applies starter fertilizer only on seeds, cutting fertilizer use 60%), and fully autonomous 8R tractors that plant fields without operators. These technologies command premium pricing and generate recurring software revenue through John Deere Operations Center subscriptions. The investment thesis: as farms consolidate (average U.S. farm size growing 2-3% annually), large operators adopt John Deere's integrated systems to maximize efficiency. The stock trades at 23x forward P/E—reasonable for a business with 17%+ operating margins, technology-driven pricing power, and 1.34% dividend yield.
Business Model & Competitive Moat
Deere operates three segments: Production & Precision Ag (large tractors, combines, sprayers, planters—60% of revenue), Small Ag & Turf (compact tractors, lawn mowers, golf course equipment—15% of revenue), and Construction & Forestry (excavators, backhoes, forestry harvesters—25% of revenue). Revenue comes from equipment sales, parts, service, and increasingly, software subscriptions (Operations Center, See & Spray, ExactShot licenses). The moat derives from dealer network strength (1,600+ dealers globally providing parts/service), brand loyalty (farmers buy John Deere for resale value and reliability), and technology integration (once a farmer adopts Operations Center, switching to AGCO or CNH Industrial requires replacing entire digital ecosystem).
John May's competitive advantage is vertical integration: Deere manufactures engines, transmissions, electronics, and software in-house, enabling tighter integration than competitors who assemble third-party components. The autonomous 8R tractor uses John Deere-designed GPS receivers, machine vision cameras, and steering controllers—competitors like AGCO rely on external tech partners. This integration creates switching costs: farmers investing in John Deere precision agriculture infrastructure (displays, receivers, software subscriptions) lock into the John Deere ecosystem. Aftermarket parts generate 30%+ gross margins, providing recurring revenue even during equipment sales downturns.
Financial Performance
- •Revenue: $60.2B in fiscal 2024 (slight decline from $61.2B in 2023 as cycle moderates)
- •Operating Margin: 17.3% (sustained above 17% despite volume decline, demonstrating pricing power)
- •Production & Precision Ag: $32B revenue, 20%+ operating margin (core business strength)
- •Free Cash Flow: $6.8B in fiscal 2024, enabling $2.5B dividends and $5B share buybacks
- •Valuation: Trading at 23x forward P/E vs historical range of 12-18x (premium reflects technology repositioning)
Growth Catalysts
- •Precision Agriculture Adoption: See & Spray, ExactShot, AutoTrac attach rates growing to 40%+ of new equipment sales
- •Autonomous Operations: Fully autonomous tractors (8R model) now commercially available—early adopters prove ROI, driving broader adoption
- •Software Recurring Revenue: Operations Center subscriptions, connectivity fees create SaaS-like revenue streams with 80%+ gross margins
- •Brazil & India Growth: Emerging markets adoption of mechanized agriculture drives tractor demand in underpenetrated regions
- •Electrification: John Deere developing electric tractors and autonomous battery-powered platforms for specialty crops
Risks & Challenges
- •Commodity Price Cyclicality: Farm equipment sales tied to crop prices (corn, soybeans, wheat)—commodity collapse kills farmer capex
- •Right to Repair Controversy: Farmers criticize John Deere for locking down software/diagnostics, sparking regulatory backlash and brand damage
- •Competition from AGCO/CNH: AGCO (Fendt, Massey Ferguson) and CNH Industrial (Case IH, New Holland) compete aggressively on price
- •Tariff Exposure: 47% of revenue outside U.S.—trade wars, Chinese retaliation, or protectionism could disrupt supply chains/sales
- •Aging Farmer Demographics: Average U.S. farmer age 58+—consolidation accelerates but shrinking customer base long-term headwind
Competitive Landscape
Deere dominates North American large ag equipment (35% market share in tractors, 50%+ in combines) but faces strong competition from AGCO Corporation (Fendt, Massey Ferguson, Challenger brands) and CNH Industrial (Case IH, New Holland). Globally, Deere holds ~20% market share. In construction equipment, Deere competes with Caterpillar, Komatsu, and Volvo CE. John May's differentiation is technology: no competitor matches John Deere's integration of autonomous navigation, computer vision, and precision agriculture software. AGCO partners with Trimble and Raven Industries for precision tech, but lacks vertical integration. CNH Industrial is developing autonomy but trails Deere by 2-3 years in commercialization.
Who Is This Stock Suitable For?
Perfect For
- ✓Industrial investors seeking exposure to agriculture technology
- ✓Dividend investors (1.34% yield, 30% payout ratio with growth potential)
- ✓Long-term holders betting on farm consolidation and precision ag adoption
- ✓Investors bullish on food security megatrend
Less Suitable For
- ✗Growth investors (single-digit revenue growth expected)
- ✗Investors avoiding cyclical exposure (commodity price swings)
- ✗ESG purists (right-to-repair controversy, emissions from equipment)
- ✗Traders seeking momentum (stock trades with commodity prices)
Investment Thesis
Deere & Company is transitioning from cyclical equipment manufacturer to technology-enabled agriculture leader. John May's precision agriculture strategy (autonomous tractors, computer vision, software subscriptions) creates pricing power and recurring revenue, justifying the 23x forward P/E premium to historical valuation. The near-term headwind is commodity price moderation reducing farmer capital spending. However, secular trends favor Deere: farms consolidating into larger operations that demand precision technology, global food security driving agricultural productivity investments, and labor shortages accelerating automation adoption. The 1.34% dividend yield is safe (30% payout ratio) with growth potential as free cash flow compounds.
Deere is best suited for long-term investors who can tolerate cyclicality in exchange for exposure to agricultural technology megatrends. The stock will trade with commodity prices short-term, but the 5-10 year thesis is farm industrialization: large operations adopt John Deere's integrated technology to maximize yields and reduce labor. The 23x forward P/E is fair for a business generating 17%+ operating margins, strong free cash flow, and technology-driven pricing power. Risks are commodity cycles and right-to-repair backlash, but John May's execution has been excellent.